In addition to the three original pikmin colors there are two additional colors only found in pikmin 2, which are...

white
White pikmin can withstand toxins, and poison creatures when eaten. They can also sense items that are underground and start to dig them out when you walk over them. They are smaall and have red eyes.

purple
Purple pikmin are heavy and as strong as 10 pikmin of any other color. If they hit an enemy just right they can temporarily stun them. they are big and strong.

note: The two pikmin colors of pikmin only found in pikmin 2 have purple flowers.